Science
Typicity and quality are different questions
Whether a wine tastes like what it says on the label, and whether it is any good, are separate judgements that appellation systems frequently merge.
The short answer
Typicity asks whether a wine conforms to the expected character of its origin and category. Quality asks whether it is well made and rewarding. A wine can score highly on one and poorly on the other, and appellation approval panels are assessing the first while being widely read as assessing the second.
Overview
This distinction resolves a lot of apparently contradictory wine discourse, including most arguments about whether appellation systems work.
It also matters to how WineHQ models taste, which is why it is documented as a policy and not only as a topic.
How it works
The mechanism, at the scope it has actually been established.
Appellation approval typically involves a tasting panel judging conformity to a type. A wine that is unusual for its origin can be rejected regardless of how well made it is — which is how a number of well-regarded producers have ended up declassifying wines to a lower category.
The reverse also holds: a wine can be entirely typical and thoroughly mediocre, and typicity alone will not catch that.
For a drinker, the practical consequence is that a category name predicts style far better than it predicts quality, and that is what it is for.
WineHQ’s taste model is explicitly a style model. High tannin, high acidity and full body are recorded as descriptions, never as merits, so a reader who prefers light, low-tannin wine is not being quietly told they have chosen the lesser thing.
In history
Sources
Sources consulted
- Institut national de l’origine et de la qualité (INAO) — INAO, France
- WSET educational materials and the Systematic Approach to Tasting — Wine & Spirit Education Trust
- The Oxford Companion to Wine — Oxford University Press
More in wine science
Science
Acidity: the acids in wine and what each does
Tartaric, malic, lactic, citric and acetic acid — where they come from, how they differ, and why pH and total acidity are not the same measurement.
Science
Cool climate and warm climate
The single most useful distinction in wine — what it actually changes in the grape, and where the shorthand breaks down.
Science
Minerality: what the evidence actually shows
A word almost every taster uses, no agreed chemical definition, and no demonstrated route from vineyard rock to matching flavour.